「佛指舍利」是佛祖释迦牟尼的手指骨,埋藏在陕西省扶风县法门寺逾千年,直到1987年被考古学家发现,是全球仅剩一枚的一级国宝。佛指舍利于战国时期由西域传会中国,唐代帝王包括唐太宗,极之尊崇佛法,曾有七个皇帝六迎佛骨供奉。
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真身佛指舍利,骨质,色泽乳黄,有裂纹,上有颗粒状分泌物。
舍利,来自梵文Sarira,译作「舍利罗」,简称「舍利」,意骨身,或灵骨,或谓坚固子。2500年前,释迦牟尼圆寂,弟子们以转轮圣王葬法焚化佛陀遗体,在灰烬中发现八斛四斗舍利,佛指舍利就是火化后遗下的一节手指骨,外形呈管状、色白如玉,传入中国一直埋藏在法门寺的地宫。
现存法门寺佛指舍利是佛陀唯一的指骨舍利,据考证于战国时期由西域辗转传入中国,建塔密藏。元魏时代首次开塔供养,唐代七帝六迎佛骨供奉,盛况一时,后历经战乱、毁佛、洪雨、地震等灾害几近失传于世。后来,佛指舍利藏隐于法门寺真身宝塔的地宫后室密龛内长达1113年,直到1987年发现地宫,佛指舍利重现于世。
*四枚佛指舍利一为真身
1987年的农历四月初八正是佛诞节,考古学家打开法门寺地宫的五道石门、四个密室,共找到四枚佛指舍利,但其中三枚是唐朝仿制品(影骨),只有埋在最深处、由八重宝盒锁住的一枚,才是真身佛指舍利。另有唐代皇室迎送舍利而供献的金银器皿121件组;各类珠宝等约400颗(粒);玻璃器17件,
瓷器和铁质器各16件,有大批精美的丝织品。这些文物大部分一级国宝。地宫长21.2米,面积31.48平方米,为中国迄今发现规模最大的佛骨地官。
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地宫后室一密龛内置一铁函,原用织金锦包裹。铁函内依次套置鎏金四十五尊
造像银宝函、银包角檀香木函、嵌宝石水晶椁、壶门座玉棺。此贮有佛指舍利的白玉棺。
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此「鎏金四十五尊造像银宝函」背面刻有「奉为皇帝敬造释迦牟尼佛真身宝函」,底部刻有「大唐咸通十二年十月六日,遗法弟子比丘智英,敬造真身舍利宝函,永为供养」。因此,此函又名「真身宝函」。
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此为其中一枚唐代仿制玉质的指骨舍利。
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此为随佛指舍利到港供信众瞻仰的其中一件文物「鎏金铜浮屠」。浮屠即塔、精舍,模铸成形,分作塔基,塔身及塔刹三部份。塔刹高耸,六个相轮由下往上依次渐小,相轮以上有宝盖、圆光、仰月及宝珠,气象十分庄严。
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此为随佛指舍利到港供信众瞻仰的其中一件文物「鎏金银菩萨」。菩萨发髻高卷,头戴花蔓宝冠,上身袒露,斜披帛巾,双臂饰有金钏,手捧荷叶,荷叶边向上微微翻卷恰似一盘子,上置镀金银匾,金匾呈长方形,缀有匾栏,栏上装饰有十六朵宝花,衬以蔓草,内饰有联珠纹一周。此菩萨像为唐懿宗所供奉,象征皇帝本人供奉真身佛指舍利。
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此为随佛指舍利到港供信众瞻仰的其中一件文物「鎏金迎真身银金花双轮十二环银锡杖」。唐王朝为供养佛指舍利,在法门寺地宫设置坛场、法器,以行佛道。锡杖由唐懿宗供养,全长1.96公尺,杖身四轮套十二个环,中饰柿蒂状忍冬花结座,上托流云仰莲,五钴杵及智慧珠。此杖是佛祖在世时的手持法器,为佛门法器中的至宝,堪称世界「锡杖之王」。
法门寺位于西安市西一百二十多公里的扶风县,建于东汉桓灵之世,距今约有一千七百余年历史。法门寺佛指舍利、北京西山八大处灵光寺的佛牙舍利、斯里兰卡康提市佛牙寺的佛牙舍利,是仅存于世的三枚释迦牟尼真身舍利。